Therefore, when the input voltage at the first input terminal turns on the first NMOS transistor , the first PMOS transistor is turned on and there is an output voltage generated at the first output terminal When the input voltage at the second input terminal turns on the second NMOS transistor , the second PMOS transistor is turned on and there is an output voltage generated at the second output terminal Thus, to integrate the PMOS transistors into the chip, the chip must be bigger.
Therefore, a level shift circuit is needed with a new design to reduce the layout space and cost. It is therefore another aspect of the present invention to provide a level shift circuit that has one NMOS transistor in a source driver and several PMOS transistors in a low temperature poly-silicon panel. According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the level shift circuit is used to receive a low-voltage signal to generate a corresponding high-voltage signal.
It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
This invention offers a level shift circuit used for a low temperature poly-silicon panel. In order to reduce the size and cost of the level shift circuit, the level shift circuit is divided into two parts. Furthermore, in order to use a low cost source driver that uses low input voltage, the NMOS transistor disposed in the source driver needs some modification.
The level shift circuit of one preferred embodiment of the present invention is arranged to receive a low-voltage signal to generate a corresponding high-voltage signal. The circuit has a first transistor of a first type, a second transistor of a second type, a third transistor of the second type, and a fourth transistor of the second type. The first transistor has a gate receiving the low-voltage signal and a source receiving a first supply voltage VSSA. The second transistor has a source receiving a second supply voltage VDDA and a drain coupled to a drain of the first transistor.
The third transistor has a source receiving the second supply voltage VDDA , a drain outputting the high-voltage signal and a gate coupled to a gate of the second transistor. The fourth transistor has a source and a gate commonly coupled to receive a third supply voltage Low Voltage , and a drain coupled to the drain of the third transistor.
The level shift circuit is used for a low temperature poly-silicon panel The NMOS transistor is disposed in a source driver and all the PMOS transistors , and are disposed in the low temperature poly-silicon panel A gate of the NMOS transistor is capable of receiving an input voltage at an input terminal A source of the second PMOS transistor is coupled to the power terminal A drain of the second PMOS transistor is capable of generating an output voltage at an output terminal A source and a gate of the third PMOS transistor are coupled to a low voltage terminal The PMOS transistors , , and described above can be implemented when the low temperature poly-silicon panel is designed and manufactured.
By this method, the total cost of the level shift circuit and the panel is reduced. In order to conform with low cost source drivers which use low voltage, the NMOS transistor disposed in the source driver must be modified. The NMOS transistor has a gate , a source coupled to the ground terminal VSSA , and a drain coupled to the low temperature poly-silicon panel Otherwise, the NMOS transistor further has a field oxide layer disposed between the drain and the gate of the NMOS transistor , and the field oxide layer is wrapped around by the N well When a low voltage is inputted to the gate at the input terminal , there is a big voltage drop from the drain to the gate and current leakage is probably induced.
Inverting amplifier - Advertisement - In an inverting amplifier circuit, the operational amplifier inverting input receives feedback from the output of the amplifier. Assuming the op-amp is ideal and applying the concept of virtual short at the input terminals of op-amp, the voltage at the inverting terminal is equal to non-inverting terminal. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier is connected to ground. As the gain of the op amp itself is very high and the output from the amplifier is a matter of only a few volts, this means that the difference between the two input terminals is exceedingly small and can be ignored.
As the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier is held at ground potential this means that the inverting input must be virtually at earth potential. The feedback is applied at the inverting input. However, the input is now applied at the non-inverting input.
The output is a non-Inverted in terms of phase amplified version of input. The gain of the non-inverting amplifier circuit for the operational amplifier is easy to determine. The calculation hinges around the fact that the voltage at both inputs is the same. This arises from the fact that the gain of the amplifier is exceedingly high.
OPCOES BINARIAS FOREX
There are several different op amp circuits, each differing in function. The most common topologies are described below. The most basic operational amplifier circuit is a voltage follower see Figure 4. This circuit does not generally require external components, and provides high input impedance and low output impedance, which makes it a useful buffer. Because the voltage input and output are equal, changes to the input produce equivalent changes to the output voltage.
The most common op amp used in electronic devices are voltage amplifiers, which increase the output voltage magnitude. Inverting and non-inverting configurations are the two most common amplifier configurations. Both of these topologies are closed-loop meaning that there is feedback from the output back to the input terminals , and thus voltage gain is set by a ratio of the two resistors.
In inverting operational amplifiers, the op amp forces the negative terminal to equal the positive terminal, which is commonly ground. In this configuration, the same current flows through R2 to the output. The current flowing from the negative terminal through R2 creates an inverted voltage polarity with respect to V IN.
This is why these op amps are labeled with an inverting configuration. V OUT can be calculated with Equation 3 :. The operational amplifier forces the inverting - terminal voltage to equal the input voltage, which creates a current flow through the feedback resistors.
The output voltage is always in phase with the input voltage, which is why this topology is known as non-inverting. Note that with a non-inverting amplifier, the voltage gain is always greater than 1, which is not always the case with the inverting configurations. VOUT can be calculated with Equation 4 :. An operational amplifier voltage comparator compares voltage inputs, and drives the output to the supply rail of whichever input is higher.
This configuration is considered open-loop operation because there is no feedback. Voltage comparators have the benefit of operating much faster than the closed-loop topologies discussed above see Figure 7. The section below discusses certain considerations when selecting the proper operational amplifier for your application. Firstly, choose an op amp that can support your expected operating voltage range.
A negative supply is useful if the output needs to support negative voltages. If your application needs to support higher frequencies, or requires a higher performance and reduced distortion, consider op amps with higher GBPs.
One should also consider the power consumption, as certain applications may require low-power operation. Power consumption can also be estimated from the product of the supply current and supply voltage. Generally, op amps with lower supply currents have lower GBP, and correspond with lower circuit performance. Operational amplifiers are widely used in many analog and power applications. The benefits of using an op amp are that they are generally widely understood, well-documented and supported, and are fairly easy to use and implement.
Op amps are useful for many applications, such as voltage buffers, creating analog filters, and threshold detectors. With a greater understanding of key parameters and common topologies related to operational amplifiers, you can begin implementing them in your circuits. Did you find this interesting? Get valuable resources straight to your inbox - sent out once per month!
It has three built-in current-sense amplifiers. What is the range of frequency char The Input to this is the voltage acr Session popupval Session textval Session Titefor popup. Remember me. Forgot password? Log in. Don't have an account?
Sign up. Password Strength: No Password. Create Basic Account. Already have an account? JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Mutual fund investing for minors It has three built-in current-sense amplifiers. Go back Go back. As previously stated, the exemplary embodiments of FIG. If the topologies of FIG.
But if the signal to be detected, Vsen is small, e. Amplified level shifting circuits are described below. Like previous exemplary embodiments, the circuit of FIG. In this exemplary embodiment, three pre-amplifier stages A1, A2 and A3 are used to both amplify and level shift input signals, as will be detailed below. Each pre-amplifier consists of two branches. In this exemplary embodiment, the right branch is a common source amplifier. Thus, a small difference in input signal Vg, which is the shifted signal of Vin, will generate a larger difference in output Vo.
Referring again to FIG. According to equation 7 and 8 , each preamplifier circuit shifts the input signal and thus generates a different transfer curve, as shown in FIG. As before, this output value may be selected to be around the middle of the power supply. In the example of FIG. So, even if the original threshold is only about 1 mV, which is comparable to the comparator offset, the gain can be adjusted such that the output signals are well larger than the comparator offset.
Again, the bias circuit in FIG. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that alternative bias circuits may be used to generate the bias current Ib. Also, depending on the desired application, it may not be necessary to have both the lower and upper threshold VL and VH. In such a case, it may be desirable to shift down FIG. Note that if the input signal is a small signal, the topologies of FIG. Small signal may mean, for example, that the signal to be detected is within the tolerance range of given components.
Note further that the amplifying function of this circuit topology may be chosen to make the output threshold to be larger than the offset voltage of a comparator 12 or Those skilled in the art will recognize numerous modifications to the exemplary topologies of the present invention. For example, those skilled in the art will recognize that many different level shifting circuits exist which may be modified to be biased with respect to one another so that the outputs are shifted in a manner according to the present invention.
Indeed, the specific circuit topologies disclosed herein are only exemplary, and other level shifting topologies may be used instead. Likewise, the exemplary level shifting and amplifying circuit topologies described herein may be replaced with other level shifting and amplifying circuit topologies as are known in the art, without departing from the present invention. All such modifications are deemed within the scope of the present invention, only as limited by the appended claims.
Claims 17 1. An amplified level shifting circuit topology comprising: a first amplifying level shifting circuit capable of at least amplifying a variable input signal by a first gain factor greater than unity to provide an amplified and level shifted output signal; and a second amplifying level shifting circuit capable of at least amplifying a fixed input reference signal by a second gain factor greater than unity to provide a fixed, amplified and level shifted output threshold signal, said amplified level shifting circuits being biased with respect to each other so that each has a DC transfer curve that is shifted with respect to the other.
The amplified level shifting circuit topology as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said second amplifying level shifting circuit comprises: a first branch circuit for level shifting said fixed input signal, said first branch further comprising a load resistor for determining a shift of said fixed input signal; and, a second branch circuit for amplifying said fixed input signal by said second gain factor.
The amplified level shifting circuit topology as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a bias circuit generating a bias voltage for biasing said first and second branch. The amplified level shifting circuit topology as claimed in claim 1 , wherein DC transfer curves are right shifted with respect to a supply voltage. The amplified level shifting circuit topology as claimed in claim 1 , wherein DC transfer curves are left shifted with respect to a supply voltage.
The amplified level shifting circuit topology as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said DC transfer curves are shifted to be approximately in a middle of two supply voltages. The amplified level shifting circuit topology as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a third amplifying level shifting circuit capable of at least amplifying said fixed input reference signal by a third gain factor greater than unity to provide a second fixed, amplified and level shifted output threshold signal, said first, second, and third amplified level shifting circuits being biased with respect to each other so that each has a DC transfer curve that is shifted with respect to the other.
A detection circuit comprising: a first amplifying level shifting circuit capable of at least amplifying a variable input signal by a first gain factor greater than unity to provide an amplified and level shifted output signal; a second amplifying level shifting circuit capable of at least amplifying a fixed input reference signal by a second gain factor greater than unity to provide a fixed, amplified and level shifted output threshold signal, said amplified level shifting circuits being biased with respect to each other so that each has a DC transfer curve that is shifted with respect to the other; and a comparator capable of receiving said amplified and level shifted output signal and said fixed, amplified and level shifted output threshold signal and generating a signal indicative of a difference between said amplified and level shifted output signal and said fixed, amplified and level shifted output threshold signal.
The detection circuit as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said second amplifying level shifting circuit comprises: a first branch circuit for level shifting said fixed input signal, said first branch further comprising a load resistor for determining a shift of said fixed input signal; and, a second branch circuit for amplifying said fixed input signal by said second gain factor.
The detection circuit as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising a bias circuit generating a bias voltage for biasing said first and second branch.
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